Overhauled Conflict of Laws Rules Effective in Late May
Chun-yih Cheng
After more than 50 years' application, the
conflict of laws rules were overhauled last May. The new rules were adopted to
adapt to the social and economic changes and to be in line with international
practices and trends. In order for the community to be familiar with the
considerable changes, there is a one-year transition period, and the new rules
will become effective on 26 May.
In addition to traditional civil
matters, the new rules cover a broad range of commercial matters such as
corporate, negotiable instruments, bills of lading, insurance, manufacturer's
liabilities, competition and IP rights, etc. However, the most distinct feature
is the adoption of the theory of most closely connected factors and the doctrine
of characteristic performance.
In the past, for contractual obligations,
the parties may agree on the applicable law of their contract. If the parties'
intention is ambiguous, the law of their mutual home country, or the law of the
place of the contracting, or the law of the place of performance will in turn
apply. The new rules also admit the parties' autonomy to allow them to choose
the applicable law. However, if there is no express intention of the parties,
then the law with which the contract is most closely connected will apply. To
determine the most closely connected law, the new rules set forth that if there
is characteristic performance of the contact, the law of the place where the
party who bears such characteristic performance has his domicile will be the
most closely connected law. Provided that if the contract is related to an
immovable property, the law of the place where the immovable property locates is
the most closely connected law for the contract.
Since the new rules are
more or less in line with international practices, foreign players may find
themselves more comfortable than ever when doing business in or with Taiwan.